Chromosome
Cell Biology & Molecular Basis - Related Topics
Explore other topics in this cluster:
Biological Discoveries And Scientific Developments
131- Developed a basic understanding of human anatomy and physiology.
Biology Animal Morphology
135Earthworms, also known as night crawlers or dew worms, are segmented worms that belong to the phylum Annelida. They are found in moist soil environ...
Biology Biomolecules Organic And Inorganic
138Complete guide to biomolecules including carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, organic and inorganic compounds for NEET biology
Biology Blood Circulatory System
139The blood circulation system, also known as the circulatory system, is a network of blood vessels that transport blood throughout the body. It is r...
Biology Blood Disorders
140Anaemia is a condition that occurs when the body is unable to produce enough healthy red blood cells. Red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs t...
Biology Cell Division Meiosis Mitosis
141Complete guide to cell division including mitosis and meiosis processes, stages, differences, significance, and reproduction for NEET biology
Biology Chromosomes
142Chromosomes are thread-like structures located inside the nucleus of cells. They are made up of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), which carries the gene...
Biology Dengue Symptoms
143Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection found in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. It is caused by four closely related dengue ...
Biology Difference Between Animal And Plant Tissues
144Complete guide to differences between animal and plant tissues including epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous, meristematic for NEET biology
Biology Dna And Rna Structure Function Difference
145Complete guide to DNA and RNA including structure, function, differences, replication, transcription, and genetic information for NEET biology
Biology Female Reproductive System
147The female reproductive system is a complex network of organs that work together to produce eggs, transport them to the uterus, and support the dev...
Biology Heart Attack Symptoms
149A heart attack, also known as a myocardial infarction, occurs when blood flow decreases or stops to a part of the heart, causing damage to the hear...
Biology In Everyday Life
155Microbes are incredibly diverse and play a wide range of roles in the environment and in our lives. They can be found in all ecosystems, from the d...
Biology Mitochondria
157Complete guide to mitochondria including structure, function, ATP synthesis, cellular respiration, cristae, matrix for NEET biology
Biology Neurons Structure Types Diagram
159Neurons are the fundamental units of the nervous system, responsible for receiving, processing, and transmitting information. These specialized cel...
Biology Pancreas
160The pancreas is a vital organ located in the upper left portion of the abdomen, behind the stomach. It plays a crucial role in both the digestive a...
Biology Respiration And Its Types
167Complete guide to biological respiration including aerobic, anaerobic respiration, cellular processes, energy production, and metabolism for NEET biology
Biology Respiratory Disorder
169Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways. It causes recurring episodes of wheezing, cough...
Biology Structure And Components Of Cell
174The cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane, is a thin layer that surrounds and protects the cell. It is a semipermeable barrier that allo...
Biology Symptoms Of Thyroid
175The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the front of the neck. It produces hormones that regulate metabolism, growth, and develop...
Biology What Is A Cell Types Of Cell
177- 1665: Robert Hooke observed box-shaped structures in cork under a microscope and coined the term "cell".
Biology Syllabus for Competitive Exams
178a. Which of the following is not a component of the cell membrane?
Botany
179- Cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, organelles, and their functions.
Microbiology
16561864Complete guide to microbiology including bacteria, viruses, fungi, applications, medical microbiology, branches for NEET biology
Zoology
16561866Zoology is the scientific study of animals, including their structure, function, embryology, genetics, evolution, classification, and distribution....
Biological Facts
165618671. DNA Replication: The process by which DNA makes an identical copy of itself before cell division.
Differences & Comparisons Articles In Biology
16561868In biology, the use of articles ("the," "a," and "an") is crucial for conveying specific meanings and ensuring clarity in scientific writing. The proper use of articles helps distinguish between general concepts and specific entities.
Important Cbse Biology Articles For Exams
165618691. The Structure and Function of the Cell: Understand the basic unit of life, including cell organelles and their functions.
Preparation Tips For Cbse Class 11 Biology Exam
16561871Preparing for the CBSE Class 11 Biology exam requires a systematic approach and effective study strategies. Here are some preparation tips to help ...
Preparation Tips For Cbse Class 12 Biology Board Exam 2023
16561872NEET preparation guide for preparation tips for cbse class 12 biology board exam 2023 with comprehensive coverage of key concepts
Carbon Cycle
16561874The carbon cycle is a complex process that involves the exchange of carbon between the atmosphere, land, water, and living organisms. Carbon is rel...
Active Transport
16561880Complete guide to active transport including types, ATP, sodium-potassium pump, primary and secondary transport for NEET biology
Calvin Cycle
16561881The Calvin cycle, also known as the light-independent reactions, is a series of chemical reactions that occur in the stroma of chloroplasts during ...
Carbohydrates
16561882Complete guide to carbohydrates including monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides, functions, classification, and metabolism for NEET biology
Cell Wall And Cell Membrane
16561883Complete guide to cell wall and cell membrane including structure, composition, functions, differences, diagrams for NEET biology
Cells
16561884Complete guide to cells including structure, types, functions, organelles, cell division, and cellular processes for NEET biology
Difference Between Prokaryotic And Eukaryotic Cells
16561885Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are the two main types of cells. Prokaryotic cells are simpler and lack a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells are more...
Diffusion
16561886Complete guide to diffusion including types, simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, factors affecting diffusion, significance for NEET biology
Enzymes
16561887Complete guide to enzymes including structure, function, mechanism, types, catalysis, active sites, and biological importance for NEET biology
Glycolysis
16561888Complete guide to glycolysis including pathway, steps, ATP production, NADH, regulation, cellular respiration for NEET biology
Light Dependent Reactions
16561889The light-dependent reactions are the first stage of photosynthesis, where light energy is converted into chemical energy. They occur in the thylak...
Lipids
16561890Complete guide to lipids including fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids, functions, classification, and biological importance for NEET biology
Macromolecule
16561891Complete guide to macromolecules including proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, polymers, monomers for NEET biology
Metabolism
16561892Complete guide to metabolism including catabolism, anabolism, metabolic processes, carbohydrates, proteins, energy for NEET biology
Nucleic Acid And Genetic Code
16561893Complete guide to nucleic acids and genetic code including DNA, RNA, codons, translation, base pairing, and protein synthesis for NEET biology
Oxygen Cycle
16561894The oxygen cycle is a fundamental biogeochemical process that ensures the continuous circulation of oxygen between the atmosphere, biosphere, and g...
Passive Transport
16561895Complete guide to passive transport including diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, concentration gradient, membrane transport for NEET biology
Photosynthesis
16561897Complete guide to photosynthesis including light reactions, Calvin cycle, chlorophyll, factors affecting photosynthesis for NEET biology
Proteins
16561898Complete guide to proteins including structure, amino acids, primary, secondary, tertiary structure, functions, and biological importance for NEET biology
Respiration
16561899Complete guide to respiration including aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, cellular respiration, ATP, glycolysis, Krebs cycle for NEET biology
Reverse Osmosis
16561900Complete guide to reverse osmosis including membrane filtration, water purification, osmotic pressure, semipermeable membrane for NEET biology
Application Of Biotechnology In Medicine
16561901Biotechnology has revolutionized the field of medicine, leading to advancements in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases.
Bacteria
16561902Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms that are found in all environments on Earth. They are prokaryotic, meaning they lack a nucleus and other ...
Biodiversity And Its Types
16561903Biodiversity refers to the variety of life on Earth, encompassing all living organisms and the ecosystems they inhabit. It can be categorized into ...
Biotechnology In Agriculture
16561906Biotechnology in agriculture involves the application of scientific and technological advancements to improve crop production, livestock breeding, ...
Biotechnology Principles and Processes
16561906Biotechnology involves the use of living organisms or their components to develop products and processes for specific applications.
Central Dogma An Inheritance Mechanism
16561907The central dogma of molecular biology describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein. It states that DNA is the genetic mate...
Difference Between Archaea And Bacteria
16561910Archaea and bacteria are both prokaryotic organisms, but they exhibit several key differences:
Dna: Structure, Function And Discovery
16561911DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a molecule that contains the instructions for an organism's development and characteristics. It is found in the nucl...
Gene Regulation
16561913Complete guide to gene regulation including transcription, translation, gene expression, transcription factors, regulatory mechanisms for NEET biology
Genes
16561914Complete guide to genes including DNA, heredity, chromosomes, protein synthesis, mutations, genetic traits, gene expression for NEET biology
Genetics
16561915Complete guide to genetics including genes, heredity, DNA, alleles, genotype, phenotype, Mendelian genetics for NEET biology
Mendel'S Laws Of Inheritance
16561916Gregor Mendel, an Austrian monk, conducted groundbreaking experiments with pea plants in the mid-1800s, leading to the formulation of his Laws of I...
Mendelian Disorders In Humans
16561917Complete guide to Mendelian disorders including inheritance patterns, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked disorders for NEET biology
Transcription Of DNA & Central Dogma
16561921Complete guide to DNA transcription and central dogma including RNA polymerase, gene expression, mRNA, protein synthesis for NEET biology
Virology
16561923Virology is the scientific study of viruses, which are small infectious agents that can only replicate inside the living cells of an organism. Viru...
Chromosome
A chromosome is a thread-like structure located in the nucleus of cells. It carries genetic information in the form of genes. Each chromosome consists of a single long DNA molecule tightly coiled around proteins called histones. The DNA molecule contains the instructions for making proteins, which are essential for the structure, function, and regulation of the body. Chromosomes are duplicated before cell division to ensure that each daughter cell receives an identical copy of the genetic material. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, with one set inherited from each parent.
Properties of Chromosomes
Properties of Chromosomes
Chromosomes are thread-like structures located in the nucleus of cells. They are made up of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), which is a molecule that contains the instructions for an organism’s development and characteristics. Chromosomes are essential for cell division and reproduction.
Structure of Chromosomes
Each chromosome consists of two chromatids, which are identical copies of each other. The chromatids are held together by a structure called the centromere. The centromere is also the point at which the chromosome attaches to the spindle fibers during cell division.
The ends of the chromosomes are called telomeres. Telomeres are specialized DNA sequences that protect the chromosomes from damage.
Number of Chromosomes
The number of chromosomes in a cell varies from species to species. Humans have 46 chromosomes, while fruit flies have 8 chromosomes.
Gene Location
Genes are located on chromosomes. Each gene is a specific region of DNA that codes for a particular protein. The location of a gene on a chromosome is called its locus.
Alleles
Genes can have different versions, called alleles. For example, the gene for eye color may have two alleles, one for brown eyes and one for blue eyes.
Homologous Chromosomes
Homologous chromosomes are chromosomes that have the same genes in the same order. In humans, there are 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes. One chromosome in each pair is inherited from the mother, and the other is inherited from the father.
Sex Chromosomes
Sex chromosomes are chromosomes that determine an organism’s sex. In humans, there are two sex chromosomes, X and Y. Females have two X chromosomes, while males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome.
Chromosome Mutations
Chromosome mutations are changes in the structure or number of chromosomes. Chromosome mutations can be caused by a variety of factors, including environmental toxins, radiation, and errors during cell division.
Chromosome mutations can have a variety of effects on an organism, depending on the type of mutation and the genes that are affected. Some chromosome mutations can cause genetic diseases, while others may have no effect at all.
Examples of Chromosome Properties
- The banding pattern of chromosomes: Chromosomes have a characteristic banding pattern when stained with certain dyes. This banding pattern can be used to identify individual chromosomes and to map the location of genes.
- The size of chromosomes: Chromosomes vary in size from species to species. In humans, the largest chromosome is chromosome 1, which is about 249 million base pairs long. The smallest chromosome is chromosome 22, which is about 51 million base pairs long.
- The number of genes on chromosomes: The number of genes on a chromosome varies from chromosome to chromosome. In humans, chromosome 1 has the most genes, with over 2,000 genes. Chromosome 22 has the fewest genes, with about 500 genes.
Conclusion
Chromosomes are essential structures for cell division and reproduction. They contain the instructions for an organism’s development and characteristics. The properties of chromosomes, such as their banding pattern, size, and number of genes, can be used to identify individual chromosomes and to map the location of genes.